Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) is one of the two main types of magnetic levitation (maglev) technologies, known for its use in high-speed, long-distance transportation. EDS systems rely on repulsive magnetic forces generated between superconducting magnets on the train and conductive coils in the guideway. When the train reaches a certain speed—typically above 100 km/h (62 mph)—these forces become strong enough to lift and stabilize the vehicle several centimeters above the track.

Unlike EMS systems, which use attractive magnetic forces and require active control systems to maintain a narrow levitation gap, EDS systems are inherently stable at high speeds. The train floats passively once levitation is achieved, and additional coils provide guidance and stability in all directions. Propulsion is typically provided by a linear synchronous motor (LSM) embedded in the track.

One key feature of EDS is the use of superconducting magnets, which are cooled to cryogenic temperatures to achieve extremely strong magnetic fields with high energy efficiency. However, EDS systems generally require wheels or auxiliary support at low speeds, as levitation only occurs during motion.

The EDS approach is best suited for very high-speed rail applications over long distances, such as Japan’s SCMAGLEV project, which is currently under construction between Tokyo and Nagoya. This technology offers a safe, smooth, and low-maintenance alternative to conventional high-speed trains, capable of reaching speeds over 600 km/h (373 mph).